Notice bibliographique
- Notice
Type(s) de contenu et mode(s) de consultation : Texte noté. Image fixe : sans médiation
Auteur(s) : Diamond, Jared M. (1937-....)
Titre(s) : The world until yesterday [Texte imprimé] : what can we learn from traditional societies? / Jared Diamond
Publication : New York : Viking, c2012
Description matérielle : 1 vol. (xi, 499 p.) : ill. (some col.), maps ; 25 cm
Comprend : At the Airport. An airport scene ; Why study traditional societies? ; States ; Types
of traditional societies ; Approaches, causes, and sources ; A small book about a
big subject ; Plan of the book. ; Part one. Setting the Stage by Dividing Space.
Friends, enemies, strangers, and traders (Boundary ; Mutually exclusive territories
; Non-exclusive land use ; Friends, enemies, and strangers ; First contacts ; Trade
and traders ; Market economies ; Traditional forms of trade ; Traditional trade items
; Who trades what? ; Tiny nations). ; Part two. Peace and War. Compensation for
the death of a child ( An accident ; A ceremony ; What if? ; What the state did ;
New Guinea compensation ; Life-long relationships ; Other non-state societies ; State
authority ; State civil justice ; Defects in state civil justice ; State criminal
justice ; Restorative justice ; Advantages and their price) ; A short chapter, about
a tiny war (The Dani war ; The war's time-line ; The war's death toll) ; A longer
chapter, about many wars (Definitions of war ; Sources of information ; Forms of traditional
warfare ; Mortality rates ; Similarities and differences ; Ending warfare ; Effects
of European contact ; Warlike animals, peaceful peoples ; Motives for traditional
war ; Ultimate reasons ; Whom do people fight? ; Forgetting Pearl Harbor). ; Part
three. Young and Old. Bringing up children (Comparisons of child-rearing ; Childbirth
; Infanticide ; Weaning and birth interval ; On-demand nursing ; Infant-adult contact
; Fathers and allo-parents ; Responses to crying infants ; Physical punishment ; Child
autonomy ; Multi-age playgroups ; Child play and education ; Their kids and our kids)
; The treatment of old people : cherish, abandon, or kill? (The elderly ; Expectations
about eldercare ; Why abandon or kill? ; Usefulness of old people ; Society's values
; Society's rules ; Better or worse today? ; What to do with older people?). --
Part four. Danger and Response. Constructive paranoia (Attitudes towards danger ;
A night visit ; A boat accident ; Just a stick in the ground ; Taking risks ; Risks
and talkativeness) ; Lions and other dangers (Dangers of traditional life ; Accidents
; Vigilance ; Human violence ; Diseases ; Responses to diseases ; Starvation ; Unpredictable
food shortages ; Scatter your land ; Seasonality and food storage ; Diet broadening
; Aggregation and dispersal ; Responses to danger). ; Part five. Religion, Language,
and Health. What electric eels tell us about the evolution of religion (Questions
about religion ; Definitions of religion ; Functions and electric eels ; The search
for causal explanations ; Supernatural beliefs ; Religion's function of explanation
; Defusing anxiety ; Providing comfort ; Organization and obedience ; Codes of behavior
towards strangers ; Justifying war ; Badges of commitment ; Measures of religious
success ; Changes in religion's functions) ; Speaking in many tongues (Multilingualism,
The world's language total ; How languages evolve ; Geography of language diversity
; Traditional multilingualism ; Benefits of bilingualism ; Alzheimer's disease ; Vanishing
languages ; How languages disappear ; Are minority languages harmful? ; Why preserve
languages? ; How can we protect languages?) ; Salt, sugar, fat, and sloth (Non-communicable
diseases ; Our salt intake ; Salt and blood pressure ; Causes of hypertension ; Dietary
sources of salt ; Diabetes ; Types of diabetes ; Genes, environment, and diabetes
; Pima Indians and Nauru Islanders ; Diabetes in India ; Benefits of genes for diabetes
; Why is diabetes low in Europeans? ; The future of non-communicable diseases). ;
At Another Airport. From the jungle to the 405 ; Advantages of the modern world ;
Advantages of the traditional world ; What can we learn?
Note(s) : Includes bibliographical references (p. 471-481) and index
Most of us take for granted the features of our modern society, from air travel and
telecommunications to literacy and obesity. Yet for nearly all of its six million
years of existence, human society had none of these things. While the gulf that divides
us from our primitive ancestors may seem unbridgeably wide, we can glimpse much of
our former lifestyle in those largely traditional societies still or recently in existence.
Societies like those of the New Guinea Highlanders remind us that it was only yesterday,
in evolutionary time, when everything changed, and that we moderns still possess bodies
and social practices often better adapted to traditional than to modern conditions.
This book provides a firsthand picture of the human past as it had been for millions
of years, a past that has mostly vanished, and considers what the differences between
that past and our present mean for our lives today. The author does not romanticize
traditional societies, after all, we are shocked by some of their practices, but he
finds that their solutions to universal human problems such as child rearing, elder
care, dispute resolution, risk, and physical fitness have much to teach us
Sujet(s) : Dani (peuple d'Indonésie) -- Moeurs et coutumes
Dani (peuple d'Indonésie) -- Acculturation
Changement social -- Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée
Indice(s) Dewey :
305.899 12 (23e éd.) = Sociologie des Papous
Identifiants, prix et caractéristiques : ISBN 9780670024810 (hbk.). - ISBN 0670024813 (hbk.). - ISBN 9780670785896 (export
ed.). - ISBN 067078589X (export ed.)
Identifiant de la notice : ark:/12148/cb43611013q
Notice n° :
FRBNF43611013
(notice reprise d'un réservoir extérieur)
